恢复 grub

hp 安装 ubuntu 以后没有 grub 菜单

1. 找到你安装ubuntu的安装光盘或u盘
2. 进入liveCD模式，启动后打开终端(ctrl + alt +T)
3. sudo -i ，进入根用户下。
4. fdisk -l ，查看你的ubuntu系统安装位置，我的是sda3.
5. mount /dev/sda3 /mnt ，挂载上硬盘。
6. grub-install —root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda，把启动项安装到硬盘启动信息中（注意/mnt和/dev/sda有个空格）
7. 重启电脑
8. sudo update-grub2 ，更新启动列表，引导其它系统。
   成功解决，这个很蛋疼的问题，其它品牌电脑没有这样的问题。其实上述步骤也解决
   grub损坏的问题。

恢复 grub 里的 windows 启动项目

sudo update-grub

设置无线为固定ip

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 192.168.0.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.1
dns-nameservers 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2 8.8.8.8
wpa-ssid <Your Wifi Network SSID>
wpa-psk <Your HEX encoded Wifi WPA password>

多个 dns 之间用 空格 分开

开关网卡

sudo ifdown wlan0
sudo ifup wlan0

或者

sudo service networking restart

安装 nodejs

sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chris-lea/node.js
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nodejs

关机

启用高级电源管理

apt-get install acpid

命令集

sudo init 0

sudo init 6 #为重新启动

sudo shutdown -h now

sudo poweroff #关闭

sudo reboot #重启

sudo shutdown -r now #重启

如果切换到root权下 直接输入命令 免sudo

shutdown -h #是关机，最终是调用halt命令关机。

poweroff #只是做了磁盘同步就直接切断了电源，对于运行后台服务的服务器来说不太合适。

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添加用户

useradd 和 adduser 区别是

useradd 是系统自带。adduser 是前者的 perl 脚本，后者更好用！

---

显示所有组

cat /etc/group

但前用户所在组

groups

加用户 guoshuang（带home目录）

sudo adduser guoshuang

把 guoshuang 加到 这些组中

sudo usermod -G adm,cdrom,sudo,dip,plugdev,sambashare,lpadmin -a guoshuang

注意：ssh 连接的话，还需要退出重新连接一次！！！

-G, —groups GROUP1[,GROUP2,…[,GROUPN]]]

A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of.
Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no
intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same
restrictions as the group given with the -g option.

If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed,
the user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be
changed via the -a option, which appends the user to the current
supplementary group list.

停掉自启动服务

sudo update-rc.d apache2 disable

打开自启动

sudo update-rc.d apache2 enable

web html ios

html class=”no-js”

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